Python综合实战：从零开发一个命令行工具

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from pathlib import Path
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from collections import Counter
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def scan_directory(path):
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    """扫描目录，返回文件统计信息"""
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    root = Path(path)
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    if not root.exists():
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        raise FileNotFoundError(f"目录不存在：{path}")
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    files = [f for f in root.rglob("*") if f.is_file()]
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    total_size = sum(f.stat().st_size for f in files)
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    ext_counter = Counter(f.suffix.lower() or "(无扩展名)" for f in files)
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    return {
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        "total_files": len(files),
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        "total_size": total_size,
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        "top_extensions": ext_counter.most_common(5),
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    }
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def organize_files(source, target):
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    """按扩展名整理文件到子目录"""
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    src = Path(source)
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    dst = Path(target)
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    moved = 0
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    for file in src.iterdir():
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        if not file.is_file():
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            continue
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        ext = file.suffix.lstrip(".").lower() or "other"
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        target_dir = dst / ext
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        target_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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        new_path = target_dir / file.name
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        file.rename(new_path)
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        moved += 1
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    return moved

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import argparse
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from .core import scan_directory, organize_files
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def format_size(size):
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    """格式化文件大小"""
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    for unit in ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB"]:
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        if size < 1024:
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            return f"{size:.1f}{unit}"
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        size /= 1024
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    return f"{size:.1f}TB"
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def main():
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    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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        prog="fileman",
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        description="文件管理命令行工具",
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)
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    sub = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
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    # scan 子命令
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    p_scan = sub.add_parser("scan", help="扫描目录统计")
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    p_scan.add_argument("path", help="要扫描的目录")
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    # organize 子命令
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    p_org = sub.add_parser("organize", help="按类型整理文件")
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    p_org.add_argument("source", help="源目录")
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    p_org.add_argument("-o", "--output", default="organized", help="目标目录")
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    args = parser.parse_args()
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    if args.command == "scan":
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        info = scan_directory(args.path)
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        print(f"文件总数：{info["total_files"]}")
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        print(f"总大小：{format_size(info["total_size"])}")
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        print("扩展名统计：")
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        for ext, count in info["top_extensions"]:
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            print(f"  {ext}: {count} 个")
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    elif args.command == "organize":
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        moved = organize_files(args.source, args.output)
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        print(f"已整理 {moved} 个文件到 {args.output}/ 目录")
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    else:
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        parser.print_help()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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    main()

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from .cli import main
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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    main()

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import pytest
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from fileman.core import organize_files
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import tempfile
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from pathlib import Path
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def test_organize_files():
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    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
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        src = Path(tmp) / "src"
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        dst = Path(tmp) / "dst"
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        src.mkdir()
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        (src / "a.txt").write_text("hello")
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        (src / "b.jpg").write_bytes(b"123")
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        moved = organize_files(str(src), str(dst))
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        assert moved == 2
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        assert (dst / "txt" / "a.txt").exists()
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        assert (dst / "jpg" / "b.jpg").exists()